TURBINE STORY

In our previous article, we have discussed the invention and utility of wind turbine in detail to our esteemed readers, but without knowing the practical performance and working principles of the turbine, this example becomes like the English language that can be read and heard but not spoken.

So, let us move on to our main topic. Basically, the word turbine is derived from the Latin word turbo, which means "Vortex" and "Cap".

Here, to increase the knowledge of our esteemed readers, let us tell you that vortex refers to that special state of the flow of water or any liquid in which the flow takes the form of a shell commonly found in the sea, and cap is a special round-shaped rod.

Claude Burdin

In 1822, this name was proposed by Claude Burdin, a mining engineer from France. Later, in 1824, a student of Claude proposed this name in honor of his first water-powered turbine.

In practical terms, turbines are divided into two different types, the first is known as impulse and the second is known as reaction turbine.

IMPULSE TURBINE WORKING PRINCIPLE

Impulse turbines are connected to special types of water or gas nozzles, whose function is to create a special type of pressure in water or gas and with the help of this highly pressurized water or gas, the blades of the turbine are rotated. Impulse turbines are generally used for hydropower power plants or steam power generation.

REACTION TURBINE

On the other hand, reaction turbines work under the principles of Newton's Third Law and perform their work with the natural flow of water or gas without the help of any pressure or nozzles.

Here we will tell our esteemed readers that Newton says in his Third Law that every action has an equal reaction, on the basis of which reaction turbines perform their work. These turbines play an important role in power plants and marine propulsion systems.

Thus, these turbines have been divided into two different types according to the working method, but today's modern turbines in the world are capable of working in both modes simultaneously, depending on the operational conditions and the production demand. The performance of these modern turbines is tested with the help of various scientific formulas, software and simulation programs. Today, there are different types of turbines in the world that are playing a special role in the production demand of heavy industry, such as:

STEAM TURBINE: - Plays an important role in meeting the production demand of electricity in thermal power plants.

STEAM TURBINE

WIND TURBINE: - Plays an important role in meeting the electricity demand in various industries and villages and is known as an environmentally friendly invention in the 10th century.

WIND TURBINE

GAS TURBINE: - In today's modern era, these turbines are widely used in the manufacture of aircraft engines due to their relatively low weight and high power.

GAS TURBINE

WATER TURBINE:- This type of turbine is used to meet the demand for electricity generation in rivers and dams. These turbines are of special importance due to their environmental friendliness.

WATER TURBINE

If you have any more information about turbines and your valuable opinions, please share them in the comment box, Thank you.

Written by Syed Murtaza Hassan

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

"Ayan, son, go and play in the yard. Don’t bother your elder brother."

Ayan, who was only seven years old, had just entered his elder brother's room while playing. Ramies, his older brother, was deeply focused on his computer screen, solving coding problems. He didn’t even notice when Ayan entered.

Meanwhile, their mother came into the room, looking for Ayan. She gently took him out on the pretext of watching cartoons with her on TV.

Thus, man began the development of machines and artificial intelligence with the invention of the calculator, which still holds a special place in various industries today.

But the dire need for coding came to light after the invention of the computer in 1830. In the world of science, coding is the language that a software engineer writes to command a computer or to get its work done by it was called.

In the early days of computers, this language was extremely difficult, like the initial technology, which consisted of only two mathematical digits, namely 0 and 1, which is also commonly called binary coding, assembly language or machine language and is still taught in elementary schools today.

MACHINE LANGUAGE

Later, in 1957, John Backus, along with his colleagues, introduced the first English alphabetic language for general use, which is still used today under different names and to get different work done by computers, for example, Python, C++, C-Basic, Java, HTML, CSS etc.

ADVANCED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

So sir, this is all about coding, now we know what software is called. Basically, software is a program that can act as an interpreter between the computer and the human language, thanks to which even a common person can easily use a computer today.

Basically, software engineering is directly related to the branch of computer science and engineering and is used in the scientific world to prepare, structure, test and maintain the set standards of a software.

In today's modern era, software engineering is of particular importance, where it has a special place in the preparation of a small mobile phone to a large ship and its daily use.

If you have more information about software engineering, then be sure to share your opinion in the comment box.

Thank you, written by Murtaza Hassan

Tring Tring School, the lunch bell rung. All the children gathered in the mess hall for lunch. Among them were Sania, a fifth-grade student, and her friends, who were sitting together for the first time after the summer vacations.

The friends took turns sharing how they had spent their vacations. When it was Sania’s turn, she said that her father was a mechanical engineer working in China. This time, she had spent her summer vacation with him and had a wonderful time. 

At that point, Nailla asked what her father did in China, and Sania replied that he worked at a wind turbine plant, Curious, Nailla asked what a wind turbine was and what it did. Sania explained that her father told her wind turbines are powered by wind and are used to generate electricity. In today’s era, where environmental pollution is a major concern, such technology is very important.

Danish, who had been listening quietly, then asked Sania who invented the wind turbine. Sania admitted she didn’t know. The friends agreed they would ask their teacher in class. Thus, their conversation ended.

Sania and her friends may ask their teacher later, but for the knowledge of our esteemed readers, here is some historical insight. The concept and use of wind turbines date back to the 11th and 12th centuries AD. However, the first practical concept was introduced in 1883 by Austrian citizen Joseph Friedlander during the Vienna International Electrical Exhibition. His proposed wind turbine had a power capacity of 3.7 kilowatts and was connected to batteries. It successfully operated electric lamps, tools, and even a threshing machine.

JOSEPH FRIEDLANDER WINDTURBINE CONCEPT

Later, in July 1887, Scottish electrical engineer James Blyth modified the turbine to power his holiday home and added a charging machine. A few months afterward, an American inventor, Charles F. Brush with the help of a local university and some colleagues, developed an automatic turbine that stood 60 feet tall, weighed 40 tons, and could generate 12 kilowatts of electricity.

JAMES BLYTH WIND TURBINE

These advancements between 1883 and 1887 led to a growing appreciation of wind turbines in many developed countries. From 1900 to 1980, extensive efforts were made to manufacture and deploy wind turbines to address industrial needs and electricity shortages in rural areas. The highest production capacity during that time reached 22 kilowatts.

CHARLES F. BRUSH

The success of Joseph Friedlander's concept can be judged by the fact that today, most developed countries have progressed from land-based to offshore wind turbines. A recent example is China, which has established a large-scale wind power plant in the southern sea belt near Hainan Province.

CHINA OFFSHORE WINDTURBINE PLANT

According to conservative estimates, this plant covers an area of approximately 61,000 square meters and has the capacity to generate over 18.5 megawatts of electricity.

While the world continues to explore various options to meet the growing demand for energy, wind turbines hold special importance. In today’s modern era, many scientists and engineers are working to further innovate and improve this technology.

We invite our esteemed readers to share their valuable opinions in the comment box below.

Lathe Machine

Traces in the tomb of Petosiris

The oldest traces of the use of this device are found in the tomb of Petosiris in 4 BC and the Mycenaean Greek site, which testify to the use of this device over the centuries, which, while meeting the needs of different periods, is present with us today in a modern mechanical form and has an important place in this fast-paced world of technology.

Thus, the ancient tool Lathe has played an important role in almost every century, but with the passage of time, the demand for its innovation began to gain strength and thus in 1950, for the first time in human history, it was freed from human labor and connected to a steam engine with the help of a shaft. Later, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, it was connected to an electric motor for use on other ferrous metals.

In 1950, due to the requirements of innovation, lack of time and better use, it was connected to a servomechanism, which is a modern control unit, which is commonly known as a CNC (COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL) lathe machine.

CNC Lathe Machine

Thus, the lathe machine or Lathe has gone through different centuries and is still playing an important role in human development and various inventions.

To increase the knowledge of our esteemed readers, let us tell you that the current lathe machine consists of various parts such as Bed, Carriage, Headstock, Back gear, Cone pulley, Face plate and tailstock.

In addition, the current lathe machine, while it is a source of convenience in today's era, has swallowed many human lives due to carelessness.

What do you think, will this lathe machine, a tool, be able to maintain its existence in the future?

Do let us know your valuable opinion in the comment section, thank you.

Written by Syed Murtaza Hassan

Electronic Engineering